一般来讲，配置apache和tomcat的整合有三种方式，mod_proxy,mod_ajp和mod_jk等三种方式，前2种配置步骤类似且相对容易，且只支持apache2.2以后的版本，mod_jk则配置相对复杂，但强在稳定性和性能方面，因为没有系统的写过这方面的文档，故在此简要的记录下使用mod_proxy和mod_jk两种方式来整合apache和tomcat！

三种方式的对比，具体请参考：

本文环境介绍：

os版本：centos5.4 64bit jdk版本：jdk-6u2-linux-i586.bin tomcat版本：7.0.29 apache版本：2.4.2 apache服务器IP：192.168.123.110/24 tomcat实例一IP:192.168.123.110/24 (端口默认) tomcat实例二IP:192.168.123.20/24 (端口默认)

一：mod_proxy方式的整合

1：编译安装apache，需要编译proxy相关的模块，这里采用目前最新版的apache2.4.2

1. [root@db1 ~]# tar -zxvpf httpd-2.4.2.tar.gz   
2. [root@db1 ~]# cd httpd-2.4.2  
3. [root@db1 httpd-2.4.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-proxy --enable-proxy-ajp  --enable-rewrite --enable-so  --enable-headers --enable-expires  --enable-modules-shared=most --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/ --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/  
4. [root@db1 httpd-2.4.2]# make   
5. [root@db1 httpd-2.4.2]# make install 

若启动apache出现下面的错误，基本上属于apr的问题，要么apr没安装，要么版本不对！

[root@db1 ~]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -t httpd: Syntax error on line 113 of /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf: Cannot load /usr/local/apache/modules/mod_proxy.so into server: /usr/local/apache/modules/mod_proxy.so: undefined symbol: apr_global_mutex_lockfile [root@db1 ~]# yum remove apr [root@db1 ~]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -t Syntax OK [root@db1 ~]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -t -D DUMP_MODULES |grep proxy  proxy_module (shared)  proxy_connect_module (shared)  proxy_ftp_module (shared)  proxy_http_module (shared)  proxy_fcgi_module (shared)  proxy_scgi_module (shared)  proxy_ajp_module (shared)  proxy_balancer_module (shared)  proxy_express_module (shared)

2：配置apache的虚拟主机

1. [root@db1 ~]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -t -D DUMP_VHOSTS  
2. VirtualHost configuration:  
3. *:80                   is a NameVirtualHost  
4.          default server 192.168.123.110 (/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:23)  
5.          port 80 namevhost 192.168.123.110 (/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:23)  
6.          port 80 namevhost 192.168.123.110 (/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:23)  
7.          port 80 namevhost www.yang.com (/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:31)  
8.          port 80 namevhost www.yang.com (/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:31) 

若启动apache报错如下，则需要加载mod_slotmem_shm.so模块，之前在使用apache中很少用到mod_proxy模块，所以遇到的问题多多！

[root@db1 ~]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -k start [root@db1 ~]# echo $? 0 [root@db1 ~]# netstat -ntpl |grep :80 [root@db1 ~]# cat /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log [Fri Aug 10 18:32:25.298436 2012] [proxy_balancer:emerg] [pid 7859:tid 47937562389216] AH01177: Failed to lookup provider 'shm' for 'slotmem': is mod_slotmem_shm loaded?? [Fri Aug 10 18:32:25.298650 2012] [:emerg] [pid 7859:tid 47937562389216] AH00020: Configuration Failed, exiting [Fri Aug 10 18:34:04.717801 2012] [proxy_balancer:emerg] [pid 7876:tid 47508265659104] AH01177: Failed to lookup provider 'shm' for 'slotmem': is mod_slotmem_shm loaded?? [Fri Aug 10 18:34:04.717951 2012] [:emerg] [pid 7876:tid 47508265659104] AH00020: Configuration Failed, exiting [root@db1 ~]# grep 'slotmem' /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf LoadModule slotmem_shm_module modules/mod_slotmem_shm.so [root@db1 ~]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -k start [root@db1 ~]# netstat -ntpl |grep :80 tcp        0      0 :::80                       :::*                        LISTEN      7898/httpd

注意：2.4.2版本的apache中需要在目录下面添加 Require all granted,否则无论怎么访问都是403，悲了个催的！具体报错如下:

[Fri Aug 10 19:07:13.263893 2012] [authz_core:error] [pid 8918:tid 1126259008] [client 192.168.123.102:53420] AH01630: client  denied by server configuration: /tmp

1. [root@db1 ~]# grep -v '^#' /usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf |grep -v '^$'  
2. <VirtualHost *:80> 
3.     ServerName 192.168.123.110   
4.     <Location /> 
5.     Order deny,allow  
6.     Deny from all  
7.     </Location> 
8. </VirtualHost> 
9. <VirtualHost *:80> 
10.     ServerName   www.yang.com  
11.     DocumentRoot /tmp  
12.     <Directory /tmp> 
13.      Options +indexes  
14.      Order allow,deny  
15.      Allow from all  
16.      Require all granted   
17.     </Directory> 
18. </VirtualHost> 

 

 

 

 

3：安装jdk和tomcat，并启动tomcat

1. [root@db2 ~]# java -version  
2. java version "1.6.0"  
3. OpenJDK  Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0-b09)  
4. OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 1.6.0-b09, mixed mode)  
5.  
6. [root@db2 ~]# /usr/local/tomcat7/bin/startup.sh   
7. Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat7  
8. Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat7  
9. Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat7/temp  
10. Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/java  
11. Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat7/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat7/bin/tomcat-juli.jar  
12.  
13. [root@db2 ~]# netstat -ntpl |grep java  
14. tcp        0      0 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005       :::*                        LISTEN      7601/java             
15. tcp        0      0 :::8009                     :::*                        LISTEN      7601/java             
16. tcp        0      0 :::8080                     :::*                        LISTEN      7601/java  

4：使用mod_proxy转发jsp的请求，test目录，tomcat.css,tomcat.png请求使用apache处理

1. <VirtualHost *:80> 
2.     ServerName   www.yang.com  
3.     DocumentRoot /tmp  
4.     <Directory /tmp> 
5.      Options +indexes  
6.      Order allow,deny  
7.      Allow from all  
8.      Require all granted  
9.     </Directory> 
10.     Proxypass /test !  
11.     Proxypass /tomcat.css !  
12.     Proxypass /tomcat.png !  
13.     Proxypass / http://192.168.123.20:8080  
14. </VirtualHost> 

5：mod_proxy配置集群

1. <VirtualHost *:80> 
2.     ServerName   www.yang.com  
3.     DocumentRoot /tmp  
4.     <Directory /tmp> 
5.      Options +indexes  
6.      Order allow,deny  
7.      Allow from all  
8.      Require all granted   
9.     </Directory> 
10.     Proxypass /test !  
11.     Proxypass /tomcat.css !  
12.     Proxypass /tomcat.png !  
13.     Proxypass / balancer://yang  
14.     <Proxy balancer://yang/> 
15.     BalancerMember http://192.168.123.20:8080/  
16.     BalancerMember http://192.168.123.110:8080/  
17.     </Proxy> 
18. </VirtualHost> 

6:测试 

 

 二：mod_jk方式整合

1：下载并编译安装mod_jk模块

1. [root@db1 ~]# wget http://www.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-connectors/jk/tomcat-connectors-1.2.37-src.tar.gz  
2. [root@db1 ~]# tar -zxvf tomcat-connectors-1.2.37-src.tar.gz   
3. [root@db1 ~]# cd tomcat-connectors-1.2.37-src/native/  
4. [root@db1 native]# ./configure --with-apxs=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs   
5. [root@db1 native]# make && make install  
6.  
7. [root@db1 ~]# grep 'mod_jk' /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf   
8. Include conf/extra/mod_jk.conf 

2：修改mod_jk配置文件如下

1. [root@db1 ~]# grep -v '^#' /usr/local/apache/conf/extra/mod_jk.conf   
2. LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so  
3. JkWorkersFile conf/extra/workers.properties  
4. JkLogFile "logs/mod_jk.log"  
5. JkLogLevel info  
6. JkLogStampFormat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y]"  
7. JkOptions +ForwardKeySize +ForwardURICompat -ForwardDirectories  
8. JkRequestLogFormat "%w %V %T"  
9. JkShmFile logs/jk.shm  
10. HostnameLookups Off 

3：配置workers.properties，指定ajp连接tomcat的信息

1. [root@db1 ~]# cat /usr/local/apache/conf/extra/workers.properties   
2. worker.list=yang,jkstatus  
3. #110   
4. worker.server110.port=8009 
5. worker.server110.host=192.168.123.110  
6. worker.server110.type=ajp13 
7. worker.server110.lbfactor=0  
8. worker.server110.socket_keepalive=1  
9. worker.server110.socket_timeout=0  
10. worker.server110.retries=3 
11.  
12. #20  
13. worker.server20.port=8009 
14. worker.server20.host=192.168.123.20  
15. worker.server20.type=ajp13 
16. worker.server20.lbfactor=9 
17. worker.server20.socket_keepalive=1 
18. worker.server20.socket_timeout=0  
19. worker.server20.retries=3 
20.  
21. worker.yang.type=lb 
22. worker.retries=3 
23. worker.yang.balance_workers=server110, server22  
24. worker.yang.sticky_session=true 
25. worker.yang.sticky_session_force=true 
26.  
27. worker.jkstatus.type=status  
28. worker.jkstatus.read_only=true 

4：配置虚拟主机，jkmount_yang.conf文件指定了客户端http请求的走向,test目录下的请求交给apache处理

1. <VirtualHost *:80> 
2.     ServerName   www.yang.com  
3.     DocumentRoot /tmp  
4.     Include  conf/extra/jkmount_yang.conf  
5.     <Directory /tmp> 
6.      Options +indexes  
7.      Order allow,deny  
8.      Allow from all  
9.      Require all granted   
10.     </Directory> 
11. </VirtualHost> 
12.  
13. [root@db1 ~]# cat /usr/local/apache/conf/extra/jkmount_yang.conf   
14. JkMount   /*              yang  
15. JkMount   /status         jkstatus  
16. JkunMount /test/*         yang 

5：重启apache

1. [root@db1 ~]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -t  
2. Syntax OK  
3. [root@db1 ~]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -k restart 

6：修改tomcat配置文件如下，重启tomcat实例，文件中主要修改jvmroute参数，同workers.properties中的一致

[root@db1 ~]# cat sr/local/tomcat7/conf/server.xml <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">    <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />   <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" />   <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />   <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />   <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />     <GlobalNamingResources>     <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"               type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"               description="User database that can be updated and saved"               factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"               pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />   </GlobalNamingResources>   <Service name="Catalina">     <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"                connectionTimeout="20000"                redirectPort="8443" />      <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />     <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="server110"> <!-- 配置集群session 同步相关 -->  <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster" channelSendOptions="8">                     <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"                    expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"                    notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>                          <Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">              <Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"                         address="228.0.0.5"                         port="45564"                         frequency="500"                         dropTime="3000"/>             <Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"                       address="192.168.123.110"                       port="4000"                       autoBind="100"                       selectorTimeout="5000"                       maxThreads="6"/>             <Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">               <Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>             </Sender>             <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>             <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/>             <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.ThroughputInterceptor"/>           </Channel>           <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"                  filter=".*\.gif;.*\.js;.*\.jpg;.*\.png;.*\.htm;.*\.html;.*\.css;.*\.txt;"/>           <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/>           <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener"/>           <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/> </Cluster>  <!-- 配置集群session 同步相关 -->           <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">             <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"                resourceName="UserDatabase"/>       </Realm>       <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"             unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">         <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"                prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt"                pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />       </Host>     </Engine>   </Service> </Server>

7：测试

 

 

[root@db1 ~]# tail -f  /usr/local/apache/logs/mod_jk.log

[Thu Aug 16 16:45:23 2012]yang 0.017531 [Thu Aug 16 16:45:23 2012]yang 0.003080 [Thu Aug 16 16:45:23 2012]yang 0.001009 [Thu Aug 16 16:45:23 2012]yang 0.001876